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trispinosus - photo

Encephalartos trispinosus

The Encephalartos trispinosus, or Bushman's River cycad, is a highly variable species found in the Eastern Cape's valleys. Originally described as a variant of E. horridus, it was classified as its own species in 1965 by Dr. R.A. Dyer. It grows in scrubby, rocky soils, thriving in both full sun and shade.

Cones

Both male and female E. trispinosus cones are produced only once per crown. Female cones are large, about 45-60 cm in length and 18-20 cm in diameter, and bluish-green in color. The scales of the cones are prominent, producing sharp lobes. Male cones are smaller, cylindrical, measuring 25-35 cm in length and 7-8 cm in diameter, also bluish-green. Male cones have a more uniform appearance, while the female cones have a rougher texture. The cones develop in compact clusters, appearing regularly throughout the year.

Leaves

The leaves of E. trispinosus vary in color, ranging from bluish-green to gray-green, and can reach lengths of 0.75 to 1.25 meters. The leaflets are stiff, spreading, and recurved, typically with 1-3 sharply pointed lobes. The median leaflets are 10-18 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm wide, with a twisted appearance, giving the plant a spiny, armored look. The leaflets tend to become narrower and less lobed towards the base, with the rachis often having a pale collar at the base.

Stems

The thick, gnarled stems of E. trispinosus grow freely from the base, reaching heights of up to 1 meter in well-established plants. The stems produce multiple suckers, forming dense clusters around the parent plant. The stems are covered with old leaf bases, which provide additional structural support and protection. In some environments, E. trispinosus stems may remain low to the ground, especially when growing in shaded or rocky areas. These thick stems ensure the plant's survival in harsh conditions.